In a large bowl, whisk together adobo sauce, garlic powder, onion powder, cumin, half the lime juice, salt, and pepper.
Add chicken and toss to coat. Marinate for at least 30 minutes or up to 2 hours.
Heat a large skillet over medium-high heat.
Brush corn with 1 tablespoon of olive oil and char on all sides until blackened, about 10–15 minutes.
Remove and set aside to let cool.
Add remaining olive oil to the skillet and cook chicken for 4–5 minutes per side, or until fully cooked.
Remove from heat and chop into small pieces.
Cut corn off the cob and add to a bowl with mayonnaise, sour cream, chili powder, red onion, jalapeño, and remaining lime juice. Stir to combine.
Warm tortillas in a skillet or over an open flame until soft and slightly charred.
Layer tacos with chopped chicken, a generous scoop of street corn mixture, Cotija cheese, and chopped cilantro.